The information that Kitâb al-Buḫalâ' offers about this phenomenon, as well as about the morality of Islamic society of that time, points to the necessity of questioning the opinions held so far concerning this problem as well as the historical development of the Islamic world in general. The focus of this article is, however, on considering the work in the context of another important moment of Gahiz.'s time - the rise of the bourgeoisie and accumulation of capital. True, one cannot seriously object to these opinions because his other works also speak of him as a defender of the Arabs. The fact that in Gahiz's time the process of assimilation of cultures brought about a rivalry between the Arabs and the Persians and that Gahiz was famous as a spokesman of the Arab cause, gave rise to the opinions that in this work he stigmatizes the miserliness of the Persians and extols the generosity of the Arabs. Kitâb al-Buḫalâ' (Book of Misers), the work of one of the greatest writers in Arabic literature Amr ibn Bahr al-Gahiz, in addition to its literary and artistic value, has a special significance as a source for the study of social conditions in Islamic society at the end of the eighth and in the first half of the ninth centuries.
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